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Russia's Lost Space Shuttle Clone
</script><div class="contributors"><div class="contributor"><a class="avatar avatar__link avatar__small contributor__image" href="/en/contributor/alex-pasternack"><img class="avatar__img" src="https://lh4.ggpht.com//tKq44pY2j6gVSnmFgyxCK7a5KVvtclj9ZbCqgyeakt3lBBUyO_nlafuOksVXmM_zI06OqWMkXjkN9Rzf5j0f50e2FNVWLykVIs7C?crop=1xw:1xh;center,center&resize=100:*" alt="ALEX PASTERNACK"/></a><div class="contributor__meta"><div><span class="contributor__meta__prefix">by </span><a href="/en/contributor/alex-pasternack">ALEX PASTERNACK</a></div></div></div></div><div class="article__header__datebar"><div class="article__header__datebar__date--original"><time dateTime="2011-07-07T19:50:00.000Z" itemProp="datePublished">July 7, 2011, 7:50pm</time></div><span class="article__socialize"><ul><li><button aria-label="facebook" class="react-share__ShareButton article__socialize__share" style="background-color:transparent;border:none;padding:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer"><svg 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id="https://www.vice.com/en/article/xyya8d/russia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone"><button class="article__socialize__share snapchat-share-button" data-share-url="https://www.vice.com/en/article/xyya8d/russia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone" title="Share on Snapchat"><svg id="snap_share" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" class="" width="17" height="16" viewBox="0 0 17 16"><defs><path id="social-icon-snap_share-snapchat-a" d="M4.129 2.714c-.425.951-.257 2.656-.19 3.848-.458.254-1.048-.192-1.381-.192-.347 0-.762.228-.827.568-.047.245.063.602.85.913.305.12 1.03.262 1.198.657.236.555-1.211 3.117-3.484 3.49a.352.352 0 0 0-.294.368c.04.69 1.588.96 2.274 1.067.07.095.127.495.217.8.04.137.144.3.412.3.35 0 .93-.268 1.94-.101.99.165 1.92 1.568 3.708 1.568 1.66 0 2.652-1.41 3.605-1.568.552-.091 1.026-.062 1.556.04.365.072.692.112.796-.246.091-.31.147-.702.216-.795.68-.106 2.235-.375 2.274-1.066a.353.353 0 0 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loading="eager" src=""/></picture></div></div><div data-component="BodyComponentRenderer" class="article__body-components"><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body><em>On the eve of the last space shuttle launch, here’s a little piece from last year on the Russian shuttle clone that might have outlived the American shuttle — if the USSR hadn’t collapsed.</em></body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>The launch of an Atlas rocket last April at Cape Canaveral looked like any other satellite launch at NASA. But the payload was anything but ordinary: a <a href="http://www.fastcompany.com/1623912/x37b-pentagon-space-shuttle-spaceship-spaceplane-military-orbit-test-rocket-science-nasa" target="_blank">secret unmanned space plane called the X-37B</a>. Essentially a mini space shuttle that hung out in orbit for a few months, spending <a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2010/0525/Now-that-the-X-37B-space-plane-is-spotted-what-is-its-mission" target="_blank">lots of time over Afghanistan</a>, it was billed as a pioneer of unmanned space flight, and perhaps <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-20003159-501465.html" target="_blank">a big step towards space weaponization</a>.</body></html></p></span><span><div class="adph adph--border"><div class="ac-w-ph__dsc">Advertisement</div><div class="ac-w-ph"><div class="ph ph-shortform-top"><div class="vice-ad__container"><span class="vice-ad"></span></div></div></div></div></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>But it’s not the first unmanned space plane. As with a few other space milestones, the Soviet Union beat the US to the punch back in 1988. And the Russians did it with what was essentially a knock-off of the Space Shuttle. As if the embarrassing symbolism weren’t strong enough, there was also the fact of the Buran’s eventual intended purpose: to attack the U.S. from space.</body></html></p></span><div class="article__body-heading" data-component="HeadingBlock"><h3 class="article__body-heading__heading heading3"><span>Space Blizzard</span></h3></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>Called Buran (Russian for blizzard or snowstorm), the program was launched by the Kremlin as a reaction to NASA's space shuttle and an attempt to gain an edge in space against the backdrop of Ronald Reagan’s “Star Wars” Strategic Defense Initiative. It was also an attempt to fulfill the Soviet Union’s dream of reusable spacecraft and payloads, ideas that predated the American space program.</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>A massive effort began. Over a million and a half people worked on the multi-billion dollar project, while researchers developed new, elaborate schemes for Russian space exploration. Among other tasks, Russian scientists hoped that the Buran would be able to carry the space station back to Earth, and – the reported reason for its inception – to allow the USSR to carry out military attacks from space.</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>The shuttle even had its own transport aircraft. The Antonov An-225 was designed specifically to carry the Buran shuttles between landing and launch sites, much like the NASA shuttles and their custom 747 transport. The An-225 remains the longest aircraft in the world.</body></html></p></span><span><div class="adph adph--border"><div class="ac-w-ph__dsc">Advertisement</div><div class="ac-w-ph"><div class="ph ph-shortform-scroll"><div class="vice-ad__container"><span class="vice-ad"></span></div></div></div></div></span><div class="article__body-heading" data-component="HeadingBlock"><h3 class="article__body-heading__heading heading3"><span>Lift Off</span></h3></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>On November 15, 1988, Buran launched from the Baïkonour Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard <a href="http://www.k26.com/buran/Info/energia_-_buran.html" target="_blank">an Energia rocket</a>, and made a successful orbital flight, circling the Earth twice. Because the lift support system had not been fully inspected, the flight was unmanned.</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>Besides its built-in robotic flight controls, the Buran had other notable differences from the US’s space transportation system:</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body><ul> <li>Lacking main rocket engines, the Buran was lighter and offered more room than the shuttle</li> <li>Buran's launcher, Energia, was designed to carry up to 80 metric tons into orbit on its own</li> <li>Energa was also being designed to carry payloads to the moon without Buran</li> <li>Buran could lift 30 metric tons of payload into orbit, vs. the shuttle's 25 metric tons</li> <li>Buran’s thermodynamic tiles, protecting it from re-entry burn-up, were thought to be superior to the shuttle’s</li> </ul></body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>Most remarkably, the Buran was able to fly and land itself, a feature that the United States is only now exploring.</body></html></p></span><div class="article__body-heading" data-component="HeadingBlock"><h3 class="article__body-heading__heading heading3"><span>Grounded</span></h3></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>While Buran landed intact, the shuttle suffered such significant heat damage during reentry that it was deemed too costly to repair. In 1989, it was projected that Buran would have a second unmanned flight in 1993, with a duration of 15–20 days. But the craft never flew again, and after the collapse of the USSR, the Russian shuttle program was quietly shuttered in 1993.</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>In addition to the orbiter that flew in space, the Soviets had completed or were building four other orbiting models and six test versions. Some were kept at Baïkonour, while others were placed <a href="http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-m.php" target="_blank">on exhibition</a> or turned to scraps. One turned up <a href="http://science.slashdot.org/science/04/09/24/1314215.shtml?tid=160&tid=1" target="_blank">in the Kingdom of Bahrain in 2004</a>, before being purchased by <a href="http://speyer.technik-museum.de/en/spaceshuttle-buran" target="_blank">a German museum</a>. One, left outside Moscow’s Tushkino factory, was <a href="http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-202.php" target="_blank">ripped apart by collectors</a>; another ended up <a href="http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-201.php" target="_blank">in a parking lot</a>.</body></html></p></span><span><div class="adph adph--border"><div class="ac-w-ph__dsc">Advertisement</div><div class="ac-w-ph"><div class="ph ph-shortform-scroll"><div class="vice-ad__container"><span class="vice-ad"></span></div></div></div></div></span><div class="simple-image simple-image--m-b" data-component="SimpleImage"><img class="simple-image__img" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulIiZjQlI/AAAAAAAACEI/YWInL4HCgi8/s1600/31.jpg" width="1100" height="733"/></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>When Space Shuttle Columbia burned up during reentry in 2003, casting doubt over the future of NASA’s space shuttle, some speculated that <a href="http://www.dailypress.com/sports/nationworld/bal-te.russia05feb05,0,3940646,full.story" target="_blank">a renovation of a Russian shuttle could become a cheaper replacement</a>. But the idea, described in <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6WXiRTPpMI" target="_blank">this video piece</a> waned. (Lessons from the re-entry damage of the Buran have been applied to research into shuttle safety at NASA.)</body></html></p></span><div class="simple-image simple-image--m-b" data-component="SimpleImage"><img class="simple-image__img" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulGx_rFvI/AAAAAAAACEE/dBxwk1dYvZ0/s1600/30.jpg" width="1100" height="733"/></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>Thus Buran, perhaps the most expensive and complicated space program in Soviet history, ended up an expensive failure. A renewed space race put significant strain on the USSR’s already fragile economy. Within a year, the empire would crumble. In some ways, the Buran wasn’t just a symbol for the Soviet Union’s collapse, but one of the catalysts for it too.</body></html></p></span><div class="article__body-heading" data-component="HeadingBlock"><h3 class="article__body-heading__heading heading3"><span>Collapse</span></h3></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>After the program was canceled, all the Buran shuttles and mock-ups, with one exception, were sold off to become amusement park rides and hot dog stands. The remaining vehicle was kept at the Cosmodrome. In 2002, a catastrophic roof collapse at the plane’s hanger killed eight workers and <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1985631.stm" target="_blank">destroyed the remaining Buran</a> as well as a mock-up of one of its Energia rockets.</body></html></p></span><div class="simple-image simple-image--m-b" data-component="SimpleImage"><img class="simple-image__img" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulO44DF0I/AAAAAAAACEY/JLcVXV8DKyU/s1600/1.jpg" width="900" height="600"/></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>Of course for now, Russia may get the last laugh: while officials and lawmakers debate the future of NASA’s manned space program, NASA will be paying upwards of $10 million per ride to the Space Station <a href="http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/4/7/nasa-signs-up-for-more-russian-space-taxi-rides" target="_blank">aboard tiny capsules hitched to older Soyuz rockets</a>.</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>If things had turned out differently, they might have been flying in space shuttle clones.</body></html></p></span><span><div class="adph adph--border"><div class="ac-w-ph__dsc">Advertisement</div><div class="ac-w-ph"><div class="ph ph-shortform-scroll"><div class="vice-ad__container"><span class="vice-ad"></span></div></div></div></div></span><div class="simple-image simple-image--m-b" data-component="SimpleImage"><img class="simple-image__img" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPuk0t-0AdI/AAAAAAAACDc/_U64ElFpYj0/s1600/20.jpg" width="1100" height="733"/></div><div class="simple-image simple-image--m-b" data-component="SimpleImage"><img class="simple-image__img" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulXVe3MhI/AAAAAAAACEs/RDUXEb4XE74/s1600/6.jpg" width="1100" height="733"/></div><div class="simple-image simple-image--m-b" data-component="SimpleImage"><img class="simple-image__img" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPuklYD1yuI/AAAAAAAACC8/B2VA7x8TjT8/s1600/12.jpg" width="1100" height="733"/></div><div class="simple-image simple-image--m-b" data-component="SimpleImage"><img class="simple-image__img" src="https://www.buran.fr/bourane-buran/img/prepa-pastir3-grand.jpg" width="1308" height="968"/></div><div class="article__body-heading" data-component="HeadingBlock"><h4 class="article__body-heading__heading heading4"><span><em>See <a href="http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/4/7/shuttle-launch-parking-lot-a-documentary-about-humanity-s-greatest-spectacle" target="_blank">Motherboard’s documentary on the night launch of Space Shuttle Endeavor</a>, learn more about America’s <a href="http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/3/23/the-30-year-old-space-shuttle-flies-on-1-mb-of-ram-but-at-least-there-s-no-blue-screen--2" target="_blank">soon-to-be-retired Space Shuttle</a>, and check out <a href="http://motherboard.tv/2010/4/28/maks-russian-space-plane" target="_blank">Russia’s next generation of space plane</a>.</em></span></h4></div><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>Energia: Buran</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>, h/t to</body></html></p></span><span class="abc__textblock size--article" data-component="TextBlock"><p><html><head></head><body>Schneiderism</body></html></p></span></div><div class="article__tagged"><div class="tags"><span class="tags__label">Tagged:</span><span class="tags__taglist"><span class="tags__item"><a class="tags__item--link" href="/en/topic/space">Space</a></span><span class="tags__item"><a class="tags__item--link" href="/en/topic/business-and-politics">business-and-politics</a></span><span class="tags__item"><a class="tags__item--link" href="/en/topic/the-art-and-science-of-building">the-art-and-science-of-building</a></span><span class="tags__item"><a class="tags__item--link" href="/en/topic/tech">Tech</a></span><span class="tags__item"><a class="tags__item--link" href="/en/topic/motherboard">Motherboard</a></span></span></div></div><div class="user-newsletter-signup user-newsletter-signup--light article-newsletter-signup"><div class="user-newsletter user-newsletter--light"><div class="user-newsletter__content"><div class="user-newsletter__heading"><h3 class="user-newsletter__title">ONE EMAIL. 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type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"data":{"articles":[{"__typename":"Article","id":"5886b6ceaa0e2845abcf689c","body_components_json":"[{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823ab\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":0,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"_On the eve of the last space shuttle launch, here\u0026#x2019;s a little piece from last year on the Russian shuttle clone that might have outlived the American shuttle \u0026#x2014; if the USSR hadn\u0026#x2019;t collapsed._\",\"charscount\":188,\"wordscount\":35,\"html\":\"\u003cem\u003eOn the eve of the last space shuttle launch, here’s a little piece from last year on the Russian shuttle clone that might have outlived the American shuttle — if the USSR hadn’t collapsed.\u003c/em\u003e\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823ac\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":1,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"The launch of an Atlas rocket last April at Cape Canaveral looked like any other satellite launch at NASA. But the payload was anything but ordinary: a [secret unmanned space plane called the X-37B](http://www.fastcompany.com/1623912/x37b-pentagon-space-shuttle-spaceship-spaceplane-military-orbit-test-rocket-science-nasa). Essentially a mini space shuttle that hung out in orbit for a few months, spending [lots of time over Afghanistan](http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2010/0525/Now-that-the-X-37B-space-plane-is-spotted-what-is-its-mission), it was billed as a pioneer of unmanned space flight, and perhaps [a big step towards space weaponization](http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-20003159-501465.html).\",\"charscount\":416,\"wordscount\":73,\"html\":\"The launch of an Atlas rocket last April at Cape Canaveral looked like any other satellite launch at NASA. But the payload was anything but ordinary: a \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.fastcompany.com/1623912/x37b-pentagon-space-shuttle-spaceship-spaceplane-military-orbit-test-rocket-science-nasa\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003esecret unmanned space plane called the X-37B\u003c/a\u003e. Essentially a mini space shuttle that hung out in orbit for a few months, spending \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2010/0525/Now-that-the-X-37B-space-plane-is-spotted-what-is-its-mission\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003elots of time over Afghanistan\u003c/a\u003e, it was billed as a pioneer of unmanned space flight, and perhaps \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-20003159-501465.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ea big step towards space weaponization\u003c/a\u003e.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823ad\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":2,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"But it\u0026#x2019;s not the first unmanned space plane. As with a few other space milestones, the Soviet Union beat the US to the punch back in 1988. And the Russians did it with what was essentially a knock-off of the Space Shuttle. As if the embarrassing symbolism weren\u0026#x2019;t strong enough, there was also the fact of the Buran\u0026#x2019;s eventual intended purpose: to attack the U.S. from space.\",\"charscount\":375,\"wordscount\":71,\"html\":\"But it’s not the first unmanned space plane. As with a few other space milestones, the Soviet Union beat the US to the punch back in 1988. And the Russians did it with what was essentially a knock-off of the Space Shuttle. As if the embarrassing symbolism weren’t strong enough, there was also the fact of the Buran’s eventual intended purpose: to attack the U.S. from space.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823ae\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":3,\"role\":\"heading3\",\"text\":\"Space Blizzard\",\"charscount\":14,\"wordscount\":2,\"html\":\"Space Blizzard\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823af\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":4,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"Called Buran (Russian for blizzard or snowstorm), the program was launched by the Kremlin as a reaction to NASA's space shuttle and an attempt to gain an edge in space against the backdrop of Ronald Reagan\u0026#x2019;s \u0026#x201c;Star Wars\u0026#x201d; Strategic Defense Initiative. It was also an attempt to fulfill the Soviet Union\u0026#x2019;s dream of reusable spacecraft and payloads, ideas that predated the American space program.\",\"charscount\":393,\"wordscount\":67,\"html\":\"Called Buran (Russian for blizzard or snowstorm), the program was launched by the Kremlin as a reaction to NASA's space shuttle and an attempt to gain an edge in space against the backdrop of Ronald Reagan’s “Star Wars” Strategic Defense Initiative. It was also an attempt to fulfill the Soviet Union’s dream of reusable spacecraft and payloads, ideas that predated the American space program.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b0\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":5,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"A massive effort began. Over a million and a half people worked on the multi-billion dollar project, while researchers developed new, elaborate schemes for Russian space exploration. Among other tasks, Russian scientists hoped that the Buran would be able to carry the space station back to Earth, and \u0026#x2013; the reported reason for its inception \u0026#x2013; to allow the USSR to carry out military attacks from space.\",\"charscount\":403,\"wordscount\":66,\"html\":\"A massive effort began. Over a million and a half people worked on the multi-billion dollar project, while researchers developed new, elaborate schemes for Russian space exploration. Among other tasks, Russian scientists hoped that the Buran would be able to carry the space station back to Earth, and – the reported reason for its inception – to allow the USSR to carry out military attacks from space.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b1\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":6,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"The shuttle even had its own transport aircraft. The Antonov An-225 was designed specifically to carry the Buran shuttles between landing and launch sites, much like the NASA shuttles and their custom 747 transport. The An-225 remains the longest aircraft in the world.\",\"charscount\":269,\"wordscount\":42,\"html\":\"The shuttle even had its own transport aircraft. The Antonov An-225 was designed specifically to carry the Buran shuttles between landing and launch sites, much like the NASA shuttles and their custom 747 transport. The An-225 remains the longest aircraft in the world.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b2\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":7,\"role\":\"heading3\",\"text\":\"Lift Off\",\"charscount\":8,\"wordscount\":2,\"html\":\"Lift Off\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b3\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":8,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"On November 15, 1988, Buran launched from the Baïkonour Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard [an Energia rocket](http://www.k26.com/buran/Info/energia_-_buran.html), and made a successful orbital flight, circling the Earth twice. Because the lift support system had not been fully inspected, the flight was unmanned.\",\"charscount\":257,\"wordscount\":39,\"html\":\"On November 15, 1988, Buran launched from the Baïkonour Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan aboard \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.k26.com/buran/Info/energia_-_buran.html\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ean Energia rocket\u003c/a\u003e, and made a successful orbital flight, circling the Earth twice. Because the lift support system had not been fully inspected, the flight was unmanned.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b4\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":9,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"Besides its built-in robotic flight controls, the Buran had other notable differences from the US\u0026#x2019;s space transportation system:\",\"charscount\":128,\"wordscount\":20,\"html\":\"Besides its built-in robotic flight controls, the Buran had other notable differences from the US’s space transportation system:\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b5\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":10,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"* Lacking main rocket engines, the Buran was lighter and offered more room than the shuttle\\n* Buran's launcher, Energia, was designed to carry up to 80 metric tons into orbit on its own\\n* Energa was also being designed to carry payloads to the moon without Buran\\n* Buran could lift 30 metric tons of payload into orbit, vs. the shuttle's 25 metric tons\\n* Buran\u0026#x2019;s thermodynamic tiles, protecting it from re-entry burn-up, were thought to be superior to the shuttle\u0026#x2019;s\",\"charscount\":456,\"wordscount\":80,\"html\":\"\u003cul\u003e\\n\u003cli\u003eLacking main rocket engines, the Buran was lighter and offered more room than the shuttle\u003c/li\u003e\\n\u003cli\u003eBuran's launcher, Energia, was designed to carry up to 80 metric tons into orbit on its own\u003c/li\u003e\\n\u003cli\u003eEnerga was also being designed to carry payloads to the moon without Buran\u003c/li\u003e\\n\u003cli\u003eBuran could lift 30 metric tons of payload into orbit, vs. the shuttle's 25 metric tons\u003c/li\u003e\\n\u003cli\u003eBuran’s thermodynamic tiles, protecting it from re-entry burn-up, were thought to be superior to the shuttle’s\u003c/li\u003e\\n\u003c/ul\u003e\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b6\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":11,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"Most remarkably, the Buran was able to fly and land itself, a feature that the United States is only now exploring.\",\"charscount\":115,\"wordscount\":21,\"html\":\"Most remarkably, the Buran was able to fly and land itself, a feature that the United States is only now exploring.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b7\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":12,\"role\":\"heading3\",\"text\":\"Grounded\",\"charscount\":8,\"wordscount\":1,\"html\":\"Grounded\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b8\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":13,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"While Buran landed intact, the shuttle suffered such significant heat damage during reentry that it was deemed too costly to repair. In 1989, it was projected that Buran would have a second unmanned flight in 1993, with a duration of 15\u0026#x2013;20 days. But the craft never flew again, and after the collapse of the USSR, the Russian shuttle program was quietly shuttered in 1993.\",\"charscount\":372,\"wordscount\":60,\"html\":\"While Buran landed intact, the shuttle suffered such significant heat damage during reentry that it was deemed too costly to repair. In 1989, it was projected that Buran would have a second unmanned flight in 1993, with a duration of 15–20 days. But the craft never flew again, and after the collapse of the USSR, the Russian shuttle program was quietly shuttered in 1993.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823b9\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":14,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"In addition to the orbiter that flew in space, the Soviets had completed or were building four other orbiting models and six test versions. Some were kept at Baïkonour, while others were placed [on exhibition](http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-m.php) or turned to scraps. One turned up [in the Kingdom of Bahrain in 2004](http://science.slashdot.org/science/04/09/24/1314215.shtml?tid=160\u0026tid=1), before being purchased by [a German museum](http://speyer.technik-museum.de/en/spaceshuttle-buran). One, left outside Moscow\u0026#x2019;s Tushkino factory, was [ripped apart by collectors](http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-202.php); another ended up [in a parking lot](http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-201.php).\",\"charscount\":432,\"wordscount\":75,\"html\":\"In addition to the orbiter that flew in space, the Soviets had completed or were building four other orbiting models and six test versions. Some were kept at Baïkonour, while others were placed \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-m.php\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eon exhibition\u003c/a\u003e or turned to scraps. One turned up \u003ca href=\\\"http://science.slashdot.org/science/04/09/24/1314215.shtml?tid=160\u0026amp;tid=1\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ein the Kingdom of Bahrain in 2004\u003c/a\u003e, before being purchased by \u003ca href=\\\"http://speyer.technik-museum.de/en/spaceshuttle-buran\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ea German museum\u003c/a\u003e. One, left outside Moscow’s Tushkino factory, was \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-202.php\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eripped apart by collectors\u003c/a\u003e; another ended up \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.buran-energia.com/bourane-buran/bourane-modele-201.php\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ein a parking lot\u003c/a\u003e.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823ba\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":15,\"role\":\"image\",\"URL\":\"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulIiZjQlI/AAAAAAAACEI/YWInL4HCgi8/s1600/31.jpg\",\"width\":1100,\"height\":733,\"pic_proc\":false},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823bb\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":16,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"When Space Shuttle Columbia burned up during reentry in 2003, casting doubt over the future of NASA\u0026#x2019;s space shuttle, some speculated that [a renovation of a Russian shuttle could become a cheaper replacement](http://www.dailypress.com/sports/nationworld/bal-te.russia05feb05,0,3940646,full.story). But the idea, described in [this video piece](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6WXiRTPpMI) waned. (Lessons from the re-entry damage of the Buran have been applied to research into shuttle safety at NASA.)\",\"charscount\":365,\"wordscount\":61,\"html\":\"When Space Shuttle Columbia burned up during reentry in 2003, casting doubt over the future of NASA’s space shuttle, some speculated that \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.dailypress.com/sports/nationworld/bal-te.russia05feb05,0,3940646,full.story\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ea renovation of a Russian shuttle could become a cheaper replacement\u003c/a\u003e. But the idea, described in \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M6WXiRTPpMI\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003ethis video piece\u003c/a\u003e waned. (Lessons from the re-entry damage of the Buran have been applied to research into shuttle safety at NASA.)\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823bc\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":17,\"role\":\"image\",\"URL\":\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulGx_rFvI/AAAAAAAACEE/dBxwk1dYvZ0/s1600/30.jpg\",\"width\":1100,\"height\":733,\"pic_proc\":false},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823bd\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":18,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"Thus Buran, perhaps the most expensive and complicated space program in Soviet history, ended up an expensive failure. A renewed space race put significant strain on the USSR\u0026#x2019;s already fragile economy. Within a year, the empire would crumble. In some ways, the Buran wasn\u0026#x2019;t just a symbol for the Soviet Union\u0026#x2019;s collapse, but one of the catalysts for it too.\",\"charscount\":357,\"wordscount\":63,\"html\":\"Thus Buran, perhaps the most expensive and complicated space program in Soviet history, ended up an expensive failure. A renewed space race put significant strain on the USSR’s already fragile economy. Within a year, the empire would crumble. In some ways, the Buran wasn’t just a symbol for the Soviet Union’s collapse, but one of the catalysts for it too.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823be\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":19,\"role\":\"heading3\",\"text\":\"Collapse\",\"charscount\":8,\"wordscount\":1,\"html\":\"Collapse\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823bf\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":20,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"After the program was canceled, all the Buran shuttles and mock-ups, with one exception, were sold off to become amusement park rides and hot dog stands. The remaining vehicle was kept at the Cosmodrome. In 2002, a catastrophic roof collapse at the plane\u0026#x2019;s hanger killed eight workers and [destroyed the remaining Buran](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1985631.stm) as well as a mock-up of one of its Energia rockets.\",\"charscount\":370,\"wordscount\":65,\"html\":\"After the program was canceled, all the Buran shuttles and mock-ups, with one exception, were sold off to become amusement park rides and hot dog stands. The remaining vehicle was kept at the Cosmodrome. In 2002, a catastrophic roof collapse at the plane’s hanger killed eight workers and \u003ca href=\\\"http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1985631.stm\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003edestroyed the remaining Buran\u003c/a\u003e as well as a mock-up of one of its Energia rockets.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c0\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":21,\"role\":\"image\",\"URL\":\"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulO44DF0I/AAAAAAAACEY/JLcVXV8DKyU/s1600/1.jpg\",\"width\":900,\"height\":600,\"pic_proc\":false},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c1\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":22,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"Of course for now, Russia may get the last laugh: while officials and lawmakers debate the future of NASA\u0026#x2019;s manned space program, NASA will be paying upwards of $10 million per ride to the Space Station [aboard tiny capsules hitched to older Soyuz rockets](http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/4/7/nasa-signs-up-for-more-russian-space-taxi-rides).\",\"charscount\":255,\"wordscount\":44,\"html\":\"Of course for now, Russia may get the last laugh: while officials and lawmakers debate the future of NASA’s manned space program, NASA will be paying upwards of $10 million per ride to the Space Station \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/4/7/nasa-signs-up-for-more-russian-space-taxi-rides\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eaboard tiny capsules hitched to older Soyuz rockets\u003c/a\u003e.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c2\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":23,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"If things had turned out differently, they might have been flying in space shuttle clones.\",\"charscount\":90,\"wordscount\":15,\"html\":\"If things had turned out differently, they might have been flying in space shuttle clones.\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c3\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":24,\"role\":\"image\",\"URL\":\"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPuk0t-0AdI/AAAAAAAACDc/_U64ElFpYj0/s1600/20.jpg\",\"width\":1100,\"height\":733,\"pic_proc\":false},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c4\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":25,\"role\":\"image\",\"URL\":\"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPulXVe3MhI/AAAAAAAACEs/RDUXEb4XE74/s1600/6.jpg\",\"width\":1100,\"height\":733,\"pic_proc\":false},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c5\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":26,\"role\":\"image\",\"URL\":\"https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_5lx-rdYFjfY/TPuklYD1yuI/AAAAAAAACC8/B2VA7x8TjT8/s1600/12.jpg\",\"width\":1100,\"height\":733,\"pic_proc\":false},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c6\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":27,\"role\":\"image\",\"URL\":\"https://www.buran.fr/bourane-buran/img/prepa-pastir3-grand.jpg\",\"width\":1308,\"height\":968,\"pic_proc\":false},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c7\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":28,\"role\":\"heading4\",\"text\":\"_See [Motherboard\u0026#x2019;s documentary on the night launch of Space Shuttle Endeavor](http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/4/7/shuttle-launch-parking-lot-a-documentary-about-humanity-s-greatest-spectacle), learn more about America\u0026#x2019;s [soon-to-be-retired Space Shuttle](http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/3/23/the-30-year-old-space-shuttle-flies-on-1-mb-of-ram-but-at-least-there-s-no-blue-screen--2), and check out [Russia\u0026#x2019;s next generation of space plane](http://motherboard.tv/2010/4/28/maks-russian-space-plane)._\",\"charscount\":192,\"wordscount\":33,\"html\":\"\u003cem\u003eSee \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/4/7/shuttle-launch-parking-lot-a-documentary-about-humanity-s-greatest-spectacle\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eMotherboard’s documentary on the night launch of Space Shuttle Endeavor\u003c/a\u003e, learn more about America’s \u003ca href=\\\"http://www.motherboard.tv/2010/3/23/the-30-year-old-space-shuttle-flies-on-1-mb-of-ram-but-at-least-there-s-no-blue-screen--2\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003esoon-to-be-retired Space Shuttle\u003c/a\u003e, and check out \u003ca href=\\\"http://motherboard.tv/2010/4/28/maks-russian-space-plane\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\u003eRussia’s next generation of space plane\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c8\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":29,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"Energia: Buran\",\"charscount\":14,\"wordscount\":2,\"html\":\"Energia: Buran\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823c9\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":30,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\", h/t to\",\"charscount\":8,\"wordscount\":3,\"html\":\", h/t to\"},{\"id\":\"5ebd01d7c992a84e213823ca\",\"version\":\"1\",\"position\":31,\"role\":\"body\",\"text\":\"Schneiderism\",\"charscount\":12,\"wordscount\":1,\"html\":\"Schneiderism\"}]","suggested_tweet":"Russia's Lost Space Shuttle Clone","dek":"\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherboard.tv%2F2011%2F1%2F21%2Frussia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone--2\u0026amp;layout=button_count\u0026amp;show_faces=false\u0026amp;width=450\u0026amp;action=like\u0026amp;colorscheme=light\u0026amp...","locale":"en_us","content_policy_scoped_locales":[{"__typename":"Locale","label":"United States","url_fragment":"en_us"}],"publish_date":1310068200000,"updated_at":1331964369000,"display_type":"short-form","embed_code":null,"embed_id":null,"embed_autoplay":0,"embed_data":null,"full_page_iframe_url":null,"vmp_id":"motherboard:1150","word_count":null,"autoplay":false,"clickthrough_url":null,"social_description":null,"social_title":null,"html_page_title":null,"age_required":false,"birthday_required":0,"nsfb":false,"nsfw":false,"web_id":"xyya8d","title":"Russia's Lost Space Shuttle Clone","slug":"russia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone","summary":"\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherboard.tv%2F2011%2F1%2F21%2Frussia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone--2\u0026amp;layout=button_count\u0026amp;show_faces=false\u0026amp;width=450\u0026amp;action=like\u0026amp;colorscheme=light\u0026amp;height=21\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none; overflow:hidden; width:450px; height:21px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/iframe\u003e\r\n\r\n_On the eve of the last space shuttle launch, here's a little piece from last year on the Russian shuttle clone that...","url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/xyya8d/russia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone","alt_text":null,"caption":null,"credit":null,"thumbnail_url":null,"thumbnail_url_1_1":null,"thumbnail_url_10_4":null,"thumbnail_url_16_9":null,"social_lede":null,"topic_callout":null,"sponsor":null,"section":{"__typename":"Section","id":"5cae7020ee584a00089537dd","brand_name":"Motherboard","brand_description":"Tech by VICE","brand_attribution_svg_url":"https://video-images.vice.com/sections/5cae7020ee584a00089537dd/brand_attribution_svg/1556813252025-article-logo-motherboard.svg","slug":"tech","title":"Tech","ad_targeting_id":"tech"},"primary_topic":{"__typename":"Topic","name":"Motherboard Blog","id":"5886b6c7b70b0245b1238b6b","slug":"motherboard-blog"},"original_channel":{"__typename":"Channel","id":"57a204088cb727dec794c693","slug":"motherboard","name":"Motherboard"},"topics":[{"__typename":"Topic","name":"Space","id":"57a204a78cb727dec795178c","slug":"space"},{"__typename":"Topic","name":"business-and-politics","id":"5886b6cbbf8cac45f96b9535","slug":"business-and-politics"},{"__typename":"Topic","name":"the-art-and-science-of-building","id":"5886b6cc0b367c453f87bc7f","slug":"the-art-and-science-of-building"},{"__typename":"Topic","name":"Tech","id":"57a204a78cb727dec79516dd","slug":"tech"},{"__typename":"Topic","name":"Motherboard","id":"57a204a78cb727dec795174b","slug":"motherboard"}],"grapeshot_classes":[],"content_policies":[{"__typename":"ContentPolicy","id":"5886b6ceaa0e2845abcf689e","url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/xyya8d/russia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone","urls":["https://www.vice.com/en/article/xyya8d/russia-s-lost-space-shuttle-clone"],"url_fragment":"en_us","geo_code":"US","language":"en"}],"contributions":[{"__typename":"Contribution","role_id":"589b62267be1070395990030","role":"Author","contributor":{"__typename":"Contributor","full_name":"ALEX PASTERNACK","id":"58477ddecdc04ffecf0df6ff","slug":"alex-pasternack","thumbnail_url_1_1":"https://lh4.ggpht.com//tKq44pY2j6gVSnmFgyxCK7a5KVvtclj9ZbCqgyeakt3lBBUyO_nlafuOksVXmM_zI06OqWMkXjkN9Rzf5j0f50e2FNVWLykVIs7C?crop=1xw:1xh;center,center","credit":"","caption":null,"bio":null,"location":null}}],"relatedMoreStories":[{"web_id":"k7zxge","thumbnail_url_1_1":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/653931e7aff5d70f0e92ddb3/lede/1698247750506-gettyimages-1456428722.jpeg?crop=0.5651945320715037xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_2_3":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/653931e7aff5d70f0e92ddb3/lede/1698247750506-gettyimages-1456428722.jpeg?crop=0.37679635471433576xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_16_9":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/653931e7aff5d70f0e92ddb3/lede/1698247750506-gettyimages-1456428722.jpeg?crop=1xw:0.9952325581395349xh;center,center","slug":"a-mind-blowing-explosion-in-space-forged-ingredients-for-life-scientists-discover","id":"653931e7aff5d70f0e92ddb3","title":"A Mind-Blowing Explosion In Space Forged Ingredients for Life, Scientists Discover","dek":"The explosion was a million times brighter than all the stars in our galaxy and left behind elements essential to life on Earth.","url":"/en/article/k7zxge/a-mind-blowing-explosion-in-space-forged-ingredients-for-life-scientists-discover","publish_date":1698248096702,"section":{"title":"Tech","url":"/en_us/section/tech"},"primary_topic":{"__typename":"Topic","name":"tech-science","id":"5cd311f6cd315e00071a63b8","slug":"tech-science"},"type":"articles","index":0,"pubDate":{"dateTime":"2023-10-25T15:34","label":"25.10.23"},"byline":"Becky Ferreira"},{"web_id":"wxjyxb","thumbnail_url_1_1":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/65b3d7c2b32fab07f152ea45/lede/1706287068033-your-paragraph-text-65.jpeg?crop=0.5625xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_2_3":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/65b3d7c2b32fab07f152ea45/lede/1706287068033-your-paragraph-text-65.jpeg?crop=0.375xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_16_9":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/65b3d7c2b32fab07f152ea45/lede/1706287068033-your-paragraph-text-65.jpeg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,center","slug":"nasa-scientists-perseverance-rover-confirm-ancient-lakes-water-on-mars","id":"65b3d7c2b32fab07f152ea45","title":"New Discovery 'Keeps Hope Alive' to Find Signs of Life on Mars, Scientists Say","dek":"NASA scans of Mars' Jezero Crater confirm lake sediment layers that could contain evidence of ancient microbial life on the red planet. ","url":"/en/article/wxjyxb/nasa-scientists-perseverance-rover-confirm-ancient-lakes-water-on-mars","publish_date":1706295600000,"section":{"title":"Tech","url":"/en_us/section/tech"},"primary_topic":{"__typename":"Topic","name":"tech-science","id":"5cd311f6cd315e00071a63b8","slug":"tech-science"},"type":"articles","index":1,"pubDate":{"dateTime":"2024-01-26T19:00","label":"26.1.24"},"byline":"Mirjam Guesgen"},{"web_id":"4a353g","thumbnail_url_1_1":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/65564f91076e1865725d79d1/lede/1700155450111-missile2.png?crop=0.5172143974960877xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_2_3":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/65564f91076e1865725d79d1/lede/1700155450111-missile2.png?crop=0.3448095983307251xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_16_9":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/65564f91076e1865725d79d1/lede/1700155450111-missile2.png?crop=0.9198xw:0.9985xh;0.0473xw,0xh","slug":"russia-televises-new-nuclear-capable-hypersonic-missile-being-loaded-into-silo","id":"65564f91076e1865725d79d1","title":"Russia Televises New Nuclear-Capable Hypersonic Missile Being Loaded Into Silo ","dek":"Russia's much-hyped Avangard missile makes an appearance on state TV weeks after Russia de-ratified a nuclear test-ban treaty.","url":"/en/article/4a353g/russia-televises-new-nuclear-capable-hypersonic-missile-being-loaded-into-silo","publish_date":1700155625615,"section":{"title":"Tech","url":"/en_us/section/tech"},"primary_topic":{"__typename":"Topic","name":"Tech","id":"57a204a78cb727dec79516dd","slug":"tech"},"type":"articles","index":2,"pubDate":{"dateTime":"2023-11-16T17:27","label":"16.11.23"},"byline":"Matthew Gault"},{"web_id":"dy357q","thumbnail_url_1_1":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/6536c285185f73908f16e3af/lede/1698090603498-gettyimages-1470294041.jpeg?crop=0.6666666666666666xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_2_3":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/6536c285185f73908f16e3af/lede/1698090603498-gettyimages-1470294041.jpeg?crop=0.4444444444444444xw:1xh;center,center","thumbnail_url_16_9":"https://video-images.vice.com/articles/6536c285185f73908f16e3af/lede/1698090603498-gettyimages-1470294041.jpeg?crop=1xw:0.84375xh;center,center","slug":"an-ancient-space-crystal-may-have-just-rewritten-the-history-of-the-moon","id":"6536c285185f73908f16e3af","title":"An Ancient Space Crystal May Have Just Rewritten the History of the Moon","dek":"How old is the moon? Way older than we thought, it turns out. 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